January is Glaucoma Awareness Month. Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. The 3 most common causes of Glaucoma are:
- Increased Intraocular Pressure – increased pressure, which can happen when the fluid cannot drain due to a blockage, can damage the optic nerve if left untreated.
- Poor blood flow to the Optic Nerve – which can happen even to people who have normal eye pressure
- Family history – if a parent or grandparent has had Glaucoma, you could have an increased risk of having it yourself.
Your Optometrist will assess you for Glaucoma during every comprehensive examination. One tool used is the Tonometer, which measures Intraocular Pressure. They can also use an OCT, which provides a very detailed image of the optical nerve and any damage. Some Optometrists will include the OCT at a higher fee and some will do it as a separate procedure. Either way, it is a very wise investment to ensure early detection of Glaucoma and other eye conditions.
The normal range for intraocular pressure (IOP) is generally between 10 and 21 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). However, these values can vary slightly based on the individual, the measurement method, and other factors. If your reading is consistently above 21, your Optometrist may recommend additional investigations, including a referral to an Ophthalmologist.
Treatment for glaucoma typically focuses on lowering intraocular pressure to slow or prevent further damage to the optic nerve. This can be achieved through various methods, including:
- Eye drops: These medications are often the first line of treatment and work to either decrease the production of aqueous humor or increase its drainage from the eye.
- Oral medications: In some cases, oral medications may be prescribed to help lower eye pressure.
- Laser therapy: Procedures like laser trabeculoplasty or iridotomy can improve the drainage of fluid in the eye and reduce intraocular pressure.
- Surgery: In advanced cases or when other treatments are ineffective, surgical procedures such as trabeculectomy or drainage implant surgery may be necessary to create a new drainage channel for the fluid in the eye to reduce pressure.
Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and management of glaucoma, as early intervention can help prevent vision loss or slow its progression. You can make an appointment with us online at https://sightcareoptometry.com/. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and not smoking, may also help reduce the risk of developing glaucoma or its progression.
Note: This posting is for informational purposes only and does not attempt to diagnose or
recommend treatment for any condition. Please refer to the Ontario Association Optometrists website (https://optom.on.ca/eye-health-library) for more information or consult an Optometrist if you are experiencing eyesight issues.
